Control Flow

Achronyme provides standard control flow constructs. if/else is an expression that returns a value. Loops come in three forms: while, forever, and for..in.

if / else

if/else blocks are expressions — they evaluate to the last expression in the taken branch. An if without else returns nil when the condition is false.

let x = if true { 10 } else { 20 }
assert(x == 10)

let min = if 3 < 5 { 3 } else { 5 }
assert(min == 3)

Chain conditions with else if:

let grade = 85
mut ltr = "F"
if grade >= 90 {
    ltr = "A"
} else if grade >= 80 {
    ltr = "B"
} else if grade >= 70 {
    ltr = "C"
}
assert(ltr == "B")

if/else chains are also expressions:

let val = if false {
    1
} else if true {
    42
} else {
    99
}
assert(val == 42)

while

Repeats a block while the condition is true.

mut sum = 0
mut i = 1
while i <= 10 {
    sum = sum + i
    i = i + 1
}
assert(sum == 55)

forever

An infinite loop. Use break to exit.

mut count = 0
forever {
    count = count + 1
    if count == 5 { break }
}
assert(count == 5)

for..in

Iterates over a range or a collection.

Range form — start..end (exclusive upper bound):

mut sum = 0
for i in 0..5 {
    sum = sum + i
}
assert(sum == 10)

Collection form — iterates over arrays or keys(map):

mut total = 0
for x in [10, 20, 30] {
    total = total + x
}
assert(total == 60)

let scores = {math: 95, science: 88, english: 92}
mut sum = 0
for k in keys(scores) {
    sum = sum + scores[k]
}
assert(sum == 275)

break

Exits the innermost loop immediately.

mut found = -1
mut pos = 0
let haystack = [5, 3, 8, 1, 9]
for val in haystack {
    if val == 8 {
        found = pos
        break
    }
    pos = pos + 1
}
assert(found == 2)

break only affects the innermost loop in nested structures:

mut outer = 0
mut total = 0
while outer < 3 {
    mut inner = 0
    forever {
        inner = inner + 1
        total = total + 1
        if inner == 2 { break }
    }
    outer = outer + 1
}
assert(total == 6)

continue

Skips the rest of the current iteration and moves to the next one.

mut odds = 0
mut k = 0
while k < 10 {
    k = k + 1
    if k % 2 == 0 { continue }
    odds = odds + 1
}
assert(odds == 5)

Quick Reference

Construct	Syntax	Notes
if/else	if cond { a } else { b }	Expression — returns a value
else if	if c1 { } else if c2 { } else { }	Chainable
while	while cond { body }	Standard loop
forever	forever { body }	Must break to exit
for..in range	for i in 0..n { body }	Exclusive upper bound
for..in collection	for x in arr { body }	Arrays, keys(map)
break	break	Exits innermost loop
continue	continue	Skips to next iteration